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Myopia

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a common vision condition where distant objects appear blurry. It is caused by the eyeball’s elongation or the cornea’s steep curvature. Myopia often develops in childhood and can progress until the mid-20s. It can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery, and regular eye exams are important to manage and monitor myopia effectively. Reducing the risk of associated eye health issues is crucial as myopia worsens, such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and cataracts.

What is MYOPIA?

What Is Myopia?

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a common refractive error that occurs when the eyeball elongates, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. This optical misalignment results in blurred vision when looking at distant objects, while close objects remain clear and easy to see.

Myopia typically manifests during childhood, often first detected when a child begins school. As a child grows, the condition tends to progress, making regular vision checks essential for timely adjustments to corrective lenses. It’s important to note that myopia doesn’t follow a one-size-fits-all pattern; its progression can vary significantly among individuals. For many, the condition stabilizes in the late adolescent years, generally in the early 20s.

What Causes Myopia?

Myopia onset is multi-factorial: Heredity, Lifestyle & other Unknown factors
Heredity: Parental Myopia1

Two myopic parents: ~ 6x risk

One myopic parent: ~ 3x risk

~when compared to children with no myopic parents

What causes MYOPIA?

Lifestyle

Lifestyle

Children who spend < 2.5 hours outdoors per day or > 2.5 hours on near vision tasks outside of school time are at highest risk for development of myopia.

The Risks of Myopia

As myopia progresses with age, it could develop into high myopia (> -5.00D) by the time myopia stabilizes in the late teens

In high myopia (>5.00D), the excessive increase in axial length could lead to:

Thinning of tissues inside the eyes (retina and sclera)
Tearing of the retina
Degeneration at the macular

Resulting in pathological complications which could threaten vision, later on in life

The Risks of MYOPIA

Why Myopia Matters?

Why Myopia Matters

Why Focus On Myopia Management For Children?

MYOPIA MANAGEMENT FOR CHILDREN

The Risks Of Myopia

People with high myopia are at a higher risk of pathological complications later in life

Risks of Myopia

Myopia – A Rising Epidemic Globally

Myopia prevalence is increasing around the world. By 2050, it is estimated that half the world population would be myopic.

MORE CHILDREN ARE GETTING MYOPIA AT YOUNGER AGES
The earlier children get myopia, the higher the probability of developing high myopia later in life

Myopia Infographic
China flag

About 36.5% of fourth graders and 65.3% of the eighth graders in China have poor eyesight in 2018.

South Korea flag

In Korea, the prevalence of myopia (SE ≤ -0.5 D) in children aged 5 –18 years is about 64.6%

Singapore flag

Myopia prevalence is about 65% among Primary 6 (12yr old) pupils, and roughly 28% for those in Primary 1 (7yr old).

U.S flag

In the U.S., 40% of children have myopia in 2017, compared with 20% just 30 years ago.

Australia flag

Myopia prevalence is at 14.4% and 29.6% among 12 and 17 years old respectively in Australia.

U.K flag

Nearly one in five teenagers in the UK are myopic. Myopia is more than twice as prevalent among UK children now than in the 1960s (16.4% vs 7.2%).

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